Thaum lub sij hawm tunneling ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb nyuaj thiab heev abrasive geological formations, lub cutters ntawm lub cutterhead inevitably muaj kev hnav. Kev tsim kho ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig- hiav txwv thiab sib sib zog nqus- faus tunnels - yam ntxwv los ntawm cov dej siab- ua rau muaj kev hnav hnyav tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cutterheads ntawm Shield Tunneling Machines (TBMs). Kev tshawb nrhiav pom kev hnav thiab kev kho kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev vam meej ntawm TBM kev tsim kho.
Kev tshawb fawb qhia tias kev hnav khaub ncaws ua raws li cov qauv tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv monzogranite formations, cumulative hnav ntawm lub ntsej muag cutters nce nyob rau hauv ib tug kwv yees li linear zam raws li lawv radial mounting deb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub cutterhead nce; ntawm ntug cutters, cov uas nyob rau hauv qhov chaw hloov pauv tau nthuav tawm qhov hnav ris tsho siab tshaj plaws, nrog rau qib hnav maj mam zuj zus mus rau sab nrauv thiab sab hauv. Piv nrog rau tus nqi coj mus rau ib chav tsev ntawm dov nrug, tus hnav tus nqi ib chav tsev ntim ntawm pob zeb excavated ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug ntau dua metric rau quantifying qhov hnyav thiab ceev ntawm cutter hnav.
Txhawm rau saib xyuas cov xwm txheej hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, cov tshuab tshawb nrhiav online tuaj yeem ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, cov tshuab ua raws li kev tshawb nrhiav laser thev naus laus zis- siv cov tshuab laser retractable thiab cov sensors mounted ncaj qha rau ntawm lub taub hau cutter- tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv txiav txiav thaum lub sijhawm luv luv thaum TBM nce mus (jacking) rau pem hauv ntej. Qhov no ua rau tsis muaj neeg siv, siab - qhov tseeb tiag- lub sijhawm saib xyuas, yog li txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nyab xeeb cuam tshuam nrog kev tshuaj xyuas phau ntawv thiab kev saib xyuas los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Thaum lub cutterhead txhawb nqa hnyav hnyav thaum tunneling los ntawm cov txheej txheem abrasive heev, kev kho yuav tsum tau ua. Kev kho cov haujlwm no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj kev vam meej sai, nyab xeeb, thiab ua haujlwm zoo ntawm TBM. Kev siv lub hom phiaj, kho cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj xyuas qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov project tunneling.
Txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem xws li kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub taub hau lossis lub zog ntau dhau - feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov xwm txheej tsis zoo xws li thaj chaw pob zeb sib koom ua ke densely - yuav tsum tau siv cov kev ntsuas dav dav. Cov kev ntsuas no suav nrog kev ua kom zoo ntawm lub taub hau cutter configuration (xws li, nce kev siv cov disc cutters thaum txiav kev siv cov ripper cutters kom txo torque); xaiv cov hnav ris tsho hnyav heev- cov nplhaib cutter resistant los yog siv lub tswv yim ntawm kev hloov cutter ntau zaus; thiab optimizing tus qauv tsim ntawm lub cutterhead (piv txwv li, xam qhov zoo tshaj plaws scraper lub kaum sab xis los pab txhawb bidirectional muck tshem tawm thaum ob qho tib si rau pem hauv ntej thiab thim rov qab, yog li counteracting rotational rog). Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ceev nrooj tshem tawm cov khib nyiab thiab cov khib nyiab los ntawm lub taub hau kom tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm "cov ncuav qab zib." Yog tias tsim nyog, kev hloov kho cov txheej txheem rau cov cuab yeej siv nws tus kheej yuav raug ua los txhim kho nws cov kev hloov pauv rau qee qhov chaw geological.
